A number of hazards should be expected in the MD zone, including elevated radiation levels, potentially live downed power lines, ruptured gas lines, unstable structures, sharp metal objects and broken glass, ruptured vehicle fuel tanks, and other hazards.Many casualties in the MD zone will survive, and these survivors, in comparison to survivors in other zones, will benefit most from urgent medical care.Within the MD zone, broken water, gas, electrical, and communication lines are expected and fires will be encountered.Moving towards ground zero in the MD zone, rubble will completely block streets and require heavy equipment to clear. Substantial rubble and crashed and overturned vehicles in streets are expected, making evacuation and passage of rescue vehicles difficult or impossible without street clearing.In the MD zone, sturdier buildings (e.g., reinforced concrete) will remain standing, lighter commercial and multi-unit residential buildings may be fallen or structurally unstable, and many wood frame houses will be destroyed. Some telephone poles and street light poles will be blown over. Observations in the MD zone include significant structural damage, blown out building interiors, blown down utility lines, overturned automobiles, caved roofs, some collapsed buildings, and fires.The determination is made by ground-level and/or overhead imagery. This damage may correspond to a distance of about one mile (1.6 km) from ground zero for a 10 KT nuclear explosion. Responders may expect they are transitioning into the MD zone when building damage becomes substantial.
More significant structural damage to buildings will indicate entry into the moderate damage zone.
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As a responder moves inward, windows and doors will be blown in and gutters, window shutters, roofs, and lightly constructed buildings will have increasing damage.The damage in this area will be highly variable as shock waves rebound multiple times off of buildings, the terrain, and even the atmosphere. This damage may correspond to a distance of about 3 miles (4.8 km) from ground zero for a 10 KT nuclear explosion. Although some windows may be broken over 10 miles (16 km) away, the injury associated with flying glass will generally occur at overpressures above 0.5 psi. Damage is caused by shocks, similar to those produced by a thunderclap or a sonic boom, but with much more force.Source: Planning Guidance for Response to a Nuclear Detonation, Second edition, 6/2010 (PDF - 2.62 MB) (National Security Staff, Interagency Policy Coordination Subcommittee for Preparedness & Response to Radiological and Nuclear Threats, Figure 1.3) Zone distances for 0.1, 1, and 10 KT explosions are shown for zone size comparison. Source: Planning Guidance for Response to a Nuclear Detonation, Second edition, 6/2010 (PDF - 2.62 MB) (National Security Staff, Interagency Policy Coordination Subcommittee for Preparedness & Response to Radiological and Nuclear Threats, Figure 1.2) Borders between zones are likely to be less distinct.Circle areas are idealized for planning purposes and illustration, and are unlikely to be this symmetrical.Representative damage zones for hypothetical 0.1, 1.0 and 10kT nuclear explosions.Countermeasures - Use of Myeloid Cytokinesĭamage Zones after a Nuclear Detonation: Idealized Maps Damage Zones after a Nuclear Detonation: Idealized Maps.Template for Hospital Orders (Adults/Children).
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